
Valentine's Day
is celebrated on February 14. It is a festival of romantic love. Many people
celebrate their love for their partner by sending cards or letters, giving
gifts or flowers and arranging meals in restaurants or romantic nights in
hotels. People who would like to have a romantic relationship with somebody may
use the occasion to make this known.

The most common
Valentine's Day symbols are the heart, particularly in reds and pinks, and
pictures or models of Cupid. Cupid is usually portrayed as a small winged
figure with a bow and arrow. In mythology, he uses his arrow to strike the
hearts of people. People who have fallen in love are sometimes said to be
'struck by Cupid's arrow. Other symbols of Valentine's Day are couples in
loving embraces and the gifts of flowers, chocolate, red roses and lingerie
that couples often give each other.

However, we may
ask what is really the story behind this date? The Catholic Church recognizes
at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were
martyred. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the
third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made
better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for
young men.

Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius
and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine’s
actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. While some
believe that Valentine’s Day is celebrated in the middle of February to
commemorate the anniversary of Valentine’s death or burial–which probably
occurred around A.D. 270–others claim that the Christian church may have
decided to place St. Valentine’s feast day in the middle of February in an
effort to “Christianize” the pagan celebration of Lupercalia. Celebrated at the
ides of February, or February 15. Lupercalia was a fertility festival dedicated
to Faunus, the Roman god of agriculture, as well as to the Roman founders Romulus
and Remus.

To begin the
festival, members of the Luperci, an order of Roman priests, would gather at a
sacred cave where the infants Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome, were
believed to have been cared for by a she-wolf or lupa. The priests would
sacrifice a goat, for fertility, and a dog, for purification. They would then
strip the goat’s hide into strips, dip them into the sacrificial blood and take
to the streets, gently slapping both women and crop fields with the goat hide.
Far from being fearful, Roman women welcomed the touch of the hides because it
was believed to make them more fertile in the coming year. Later in the day,
according to legend, all the young women in the city would place their names in
a big urn. The city’s bachelors would each choose a name and become paired for
the year with his chosen woman. These matches often ended in marriage.